Клименко, М. О. та Кухнюк, О. М. та Klуmenko, M. O. та Kukhniuk, O. M. (2018) ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВИХРОВИХ ПОВІТРЯНИХ ПОТОКІВ. Вісник Національного університету водного господарства та природокористування (3(83)). с. 94-102.

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Анотація

Наведена класифікація, характеристика, переваги та недоліки експериментальних установок по генерації вихрових потоків (торнадо). Досліджено розвиток сучасних експериментальних підходів. На базі існуючого світового досвіду, запропонована нова модель, що дозволить більш ґрунтовно вивчити фізичні властивості вихрових повітряних потоків.

Title in English

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF VORTEX AIR FLOWS

English abstract

Vortical (or twisted) streams are extremely widespread in nature (atmospheric cyclones, sandstorms, air storms, typhoons, forest fires). Modern laboratory studies simulating natural tornadoes can be divided into two categories: walls limited by stationary air vortices, which are formed as a result of the use of fans, mechanical twisters (guides designed to create vortex streams, screw screws, internal spiral arms, etc.), as well as through the tangential nozzle of the medium and the intensive rotation of the body elements (pipes) [2-11]. The purpose of these studies was to obtain the most stationary tornadoes. Such experimental installation allowed to simulate different types of vortex flows due to a wide range of variable output parameters (tangential velocity, air flow). Another principle is the creation of nonstationary vortical flows. In this case, after controlling the surface heating, nonstationary vortex structures (minitorno) were generated, due to the creation of unstable stratification of air. For visualization, trace particles were used (magnesia of micrometer size applied by a thin layer on the underlying surface). The experimental work described was devoted only to obtaining or stationary vortex structures with the use of mechanical twisters (which, in this formulation of the task, a number of fundamental issues of studying the tornado remained out of focus), or free concentrated non-stationary vortical structures (which, in turn, complicates studying as a result of the spontaneity of occurrence, spatial-temporal instability, etc.). The proposed installation rests on previous experiments and in turn allows us to study a number of fundamental characteristics of the vortex structures (change in temperature, humidity, pressure in the height of vortex flows, their change over time, air mass velocities, and the distribution of these parameters in the body of the tornado). The appropriate sensors are located in the middle of the installation with a change in the height of the body of the installation. In addition to improving the mathematical models of complex airborne processes in the body of the tornado, based on the previous studies, we expect a certain temperature difference in the vortex body, so this installation can be a prototype of cooling installations in various industries.

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