Макарова, Т. К. та Makarova, Т. К. (2018) ЕКОНОМІЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ХІМІЧНОЇ МЕЛІОРАЦІЇ ФОСФОГІПСОМ НА ІРИГАЦІЙНО СОЛОНЦЮВАТИХ ЧОРНОЗЕМАХ. Вісник Національного університету водного господарства та природокористування (4(84)). с. 22-30.

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Анотація

Приріс урожайності сільськогосподарських культур під впливом хімічної меліорації фосфогіпсом різними розрахунковими дозами при зрошенні та без нього. Економічна ефективність внесення фосфогіпсу.

Title in English

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF CHEMICAL LAND-RECLAMATION OF PHOSPHOGYPSUM ON THE IRRIGATION SALINIZATION BLACK EARTH

English abstract

Irrigation is a major method for the intensification of agricultural production. Irrigation loses its influence in conditions of soil salinity irrigation soils, where the average yield is reduced by 20-40%. Chemical melioration leads increases of crop yields with parallel improvement of physicochemical properties and soil fertility, which makes it possible to obtain high yields with conditions of irrigation salinization for the production of necessary products for the population, effective economic development of the country and reproduction of the main resource potential: soils. In our experiments, when the phosphogypsum was introduced as a chemical reclamation element, the yield of crops increased with increasing of the norm introduction. Irrigation, as well as without him, received the greatest revenues with introduction of phosphogypsum in autumn under basic tillage at the norm of 6 t/ha – 1539 grn. on 1 ha at reintroduction of phosphogypsum in the first year of the aftereffect. Irrigation increases the intensification of farming, but, as our studies have shown, not on salinizated soils. With Irrigation the crop productivity of spring barley increased by 5.9 centners per ha, corn for grain – by 15.4 centners per ha compared to unirrigated control. The introduction of phosphogypsum from irrigation increased the crop productivity of winter wheat to 47.8-52.0 centners per ha (increase of 4-7% compared to control). The crop productivity of spring barley under irrigated conditions during chemical melioration by phosphogypsum increased from 32.9 centners per ha at the control to 36.9 centners per ha when the phosphogypsum was introduced in autumn under the basic soil tillage at a norm of 6 t/ha (increase by 10.8%). Whereas in unirrigated variants winter wheat crop productivity values with chemical melioration variably differ from each other (observation in 2012 and 2013), with irrigation these indexes are somewhat smoothed by better dissolving of remanufactured remnants and assimilation of nutrient elements by plants. Most economic efficiency of using phosphogypsum observed with norm of 3 t/ha under cultivation in the spring while without irrigation the best results were with introduction the phosphogypsum in autumn under the basic tillage of soil at the norm of 6 t/ha.

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