Караван, В. В. та Борисюк, О. П. та Філіпчук, С. В. та Karavan, V. V. та Borysiuk, O. Р. та Filipchuk, S. V. (2020) РОБОТА ПОПЕРЕДНЬО НАПРУЖЕНИХ ЗАЛІЗОБЕТОННИХ ШПАЛ В ЯКОСТІ ПЕРЕМИЧОК ВІКОННИХ ПРОРІЗІВ У БУДІВЛІ. Вісник Національного університету водного господарства та природокористування (1(89)). с. 120-128.

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Анотація

При зведенні багатоповерхової житлової будівлі як перемички навіконними прорізами зовнішніх несучих стін використали демонтовані попередньо напружені залізобетонні шпали трамвайних шляхів. В статті подано результати експериментальних досліджень роботи та несучої здатності трьох шпал на згин за розрахункової схеми, що відповідала б їх роботі у конструкції стіни будівлі.

Title in English

WORK OF PRELIMINARY STRESSED REINFORCED CONCRETE SLEEPERS AS JUMPER WINDOWS IN A BUILDING

English abstract

When construction a multi-storey residential building, dismantled pre-stressed reinforced concrete sleepers of tramlines, manufactured in accordance with GOST 21174-75, were used as lintels over the window areas of the external load-bearing walls. The customer had doubts about their load-bearing capacity and suitability for normal operation when working on the bend according to the calculation scheme of a single-span freely supported beam. The purpose of the laboratory research was to define the nature of work and loadbearing capacity of sleepers to the bend according to the calculation scheme, which would correspond to their work in the construction of the wall of the building. Sleepers were tested on a stationary stand with a traverse short-term static step load to failure. According to the results of experimental studies, it was found that the deflections in the sleepers reached the limit values at the moment M = 14,15 kNm (equivalent calculated evenly distributed load without taking into account its own weight q = 28,3 kN/m). The maximum width of crack opening in sleepers was reached at M = 12,25 kNm (q = 24,5 kN/m). The rupture of the rods of pre-stressed reinforcement and the destruction of the concrete in the compressed zone occurred in the zone of pure bending at M = 17 kNm (q = 34 kN/m). Under the load before failure, normal cracks were formed in the zone of pure bending and two inclined cracks in the thirds of the calculated span. Inclined cracks in the spans of the shear, due to the pre-tension of the reinforcement in the upper and lower zones and the compression of the concrete sleepers, were not formed. The first cracks occurred at the moment M = 9,63 kNm (q = 19,26 kN/m), the maximum width of crack opening before destruction was 0.6 mm, the crack height was 100…110 mm. The destruction of structures occurred in the normal cross sections. The load-bearing capacity of sleepers when working as lintels over the window areas of the load-bearing external walls of the building was provided, as the actual calculated load on the lintels according to the project was 17 kN/m.

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