Волощук, В. А. та Гапонюк, М. М. та Ющук, Б. В. та Voloshchuk, V. A. та Haponiuk, M. M. та Yushchuk, B. V. (2021) НАУКОВІ ПРИНЦИПИ РОЗРАХУНКУ І ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ПРОЄКТНИХ, ТЕХНІЧНИХ І ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ РІШЕНЬ З УПРАВЛІННЯ ПРИРОДОТЕХНІЧНИМИ ОБ’ЄКТАМИ НА ЕКОЛОГО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ЗАСАДАХ. Вісник Національного університету водного господарства та природокористування (2(94)). с. 184-197.

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Анотація

При енерговиробництві, енергопостачанні та енергоспоживанні мають місце ряд таких проблем: збільшення потреб в енергоресурсах для створення комфортних умов діяльності і проживання людини; дефіцит непоновлювальних енергоресурсів, які в найближчій перспективі будуть основним джерелом енергії; екологічні проблеми як наслідок виробництва та споживання енергоресурсів. Ці проблеми повинні вирішуватися комплексно, оскільки вони є взаємопов’язаними і викликають суперечливі потреби. В статті приведено принципи обґрунтування, розрахунку та оптимізації на сучасних еколого-економічних засадах оптимальних проєктних, технічних і технологічних рішень з управління подачею теплової енергії в проєктах будівництва, реконструкції та експлуатації систем теплопостачання.

Title in English

SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES OF CALCULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF DESIGN, TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL AND TECHNICAL FACILITIES ON AN ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC BASIS

English abstract

The practice of designing and operating heat supply systems is characterized by a somewhat one-sided technocratic approach when technical and technological factors become the center of the project. Other factors are not considered enough. In addition, the existing methods of meteorological support for the calculation of heat supply systems do not reflect the full picture of the implementation of weather conditions and their impact on heat supply regimes. The problem of meteorological support of heat supply becomes especially relevant in modern conditions when there are drastic changes in the Earth’s climate on a planetary scale, which is associated with the development of global warming. The scientific basis for this is the results of research by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is co-founded by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Program. Today there is a need to realize that any technical system should be considered as a complex natural and technical system, taking into account its impact on the environment. Principles of management and optimization of the complex natural and technical systems are developed in detail and are successfully implemented on the example of water management and reclamation systems. Water management and reclamation systems and heat supply systems belong to different areas, in principle, their schemes, operation, and management principles are similar. Energy production, energy supply, and energy consumption have the following problems: increasing energy needs to create comfortable conditions for human activity and living; shortage of nonrenewable energy resources, which will be the main source of energy in the near future; environmental problems as a consequence of energy production and consumption. These issues need to be addressed comprehensively, as they are interrelated and conflicting. Heat supply systems together with natural conditions on all characteristic signs can be carried to difficult natural and technical systems whose functioning is defined first of all by natural and climatic conditions of the object. The basis for making optimal technical and technological decisions in the management of heating systems should be the following ratio of the hierarchical block structure of the type effect <=> mode of operation of the heating system <=> technology <=> design, the components of which are interconnected. Here, the block "mode of operation of the heat supply system" plays a key role, as it determines the overall environmental and economic effect, on the one hand, and determines the technical and technological solutions to ensure it - on the other. Consideration, research, and formalization of this relationship should be carried out on the relevant direct and inverse composite functions by creating a set of hierarchically related forecasting and optimization models according to the levels of these decisions over time, as well as the type of forecast (long-term or short-term).

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