Гунчак, А. В. та Грищенко, О. М. та Гунчак, М. В. та Колесник, Т. М. (2023) ЕКОНОМІЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ БІОЛОГІЧНОГО МЕТОДУ ЗАХИСТУ ЯБЛУНІ ПРОТИ ПАРШІ. Вісник Національного університету водного господарства та природокористування (1(101)). с. 84-96.

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Анотація

Вивчено показники економічної ефективності різних систем біологічного захисту яблуні від парші у 2016–2020 роках в умовах Передкарпатської провінції Карпатської гірської зони України. Встановлено, що всі досліджувані системи захисту яблуні показали високі показники умовно-чистого доходу (7811,0–20815,2 грн/га) та рентабельності (145,1–330,5%). Найбільш ефективною за роки досліджень є біологічна система захисту № 3 (Планриз, в.с. – 5,0 л/га + технологія живлення Stoller), яка дозволила отримати дохід в середньому 20 815,2 грн з 1 га. Найвищий рівень рентабельності отримали за застосування біологічної системи захисту № 1 (Планриз, в.с. – 5,0 л/га) – 330,5%. Застосування досліджуваних систем біологічного захисту дозволило на високому рівні забезпечити захист яблуні від найпоширенішої у зоні досліджень хвороби – парші, що у підсумку забезпечило отримання високого рівня врожайності яблуневих насаджень (18,3–20,3 т/га).

Title in English

ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS OF THE APPLICATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL METHOD OF PROTECTING APPLE TREES AGAINST SCAB

English abstract

The indicators of the economic efficiency of four systems of biological protection of apple trees against scab in 2016–2020 were studied and the most effective was determined in order to adapt it to the conditions of the Precarpathian province of the Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine. The most effective from an economic point of view in 2016–2020 was biological protection system № 3, which was based on the introduction of the biological preparation Planryz, v.s. and a complex of power elements of the Stoller technology, from the use of which it was possible to obtain 20 815,2 UAH conditional net income from 1 ha, with a profitability of protective measures of 281,1%. The payback threshold for these measures was 0,67 t/ha, which demonstrates how much additional yield is required to cover the costs of protective measures. The highest level of profitability of protective measures was achieved using the biological protection system №1, which was based on the four-fold introduction of the biological preparation Planryz, v.s. – 330,5%, the indicator of conditional net income from the use of this system amounted to 8 921,0 UAH/ha on average over the years of research. The payback threshold for this system was the lowest and was 0,23 t/ha, which was facilitated by the low cost of this system. From the use of the biological protection system №4, which included the use of biological preparations FitoDoctor, p., Gaubsin, r., Trihodermin, r. and a complex of nutrients (MAStech technology), we received an indicator of conditional net income from the applied measures at the level of 15 724,3 UAH/ha, which is one of the biggest indicators. The profitability of protective measures was 145,1%, which is the lowest among the studied systems and which was contributed by the highest cost of this protection system – 8 476,2 UAH/ha. The payback threshold was 1,09 t/ha. Biological protection system № 2, which included the four-time introduction of the biological preparation Planryz, v.s. and silicon-based immunoprotector Bai-Si, showed the lowest conditional net income at the level of 7 811,0 UAH/ha, with a profitability of 205,1%. The payback threshold for protective measures was 0,37 t/ha. The application of the studied biological protection systems made it possible to provide a high level of protection of the apple tree against the most common disease in the research area – scab, which ultimately ensured a high level of yield of apple plantations (18,3–20,3 t/ha), and the application in a complex with biological preparations of trace elements, plant growth stimulators, anti-stressors and adjuvants allowed not only to increase the effectiveness of protective measures, but also to improve the quantitative and qualitative composition of the fruits, which in turn made it possible to obtain better indicators of economic efficiency.

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