Фалько, О. Л. (2024) МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЯ ПРИНЦИПУ ДІЇ ВІБРОМАШИН ПРИ ЗАСТОСУВАННІ ОДНОТАКТНОГО ЕЛЕКТРОМАГНІТНОГО ВІБРАТОРА. Вісник Національного університету водного господарства та природокористування (1(105)). с. 366-376.

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Анотація

На хімічних, харчових виробництвах та в багатьох інших галузях широко використовуються легкі одномасні вібраційні машини з електромагнітним приводом: невеликі віброконвеєри, вібробункери, дозатори, тощо. В деяких випадках сфера використання цих пристроїв обмежена через зависоку частоту коливань та замалу амплітуду. В цій роботі обґрунтовано новий принцип дії вібромашин з електромагнітним приводом (при використанні однотактного електромагнітного вібратора), який дозволяє збільшити амплітуду і зменшити частоту коливань робочих органів вібромашин без зміни стандартної частоти струму в електричній мережі. Це надає можливість поширити сферу використання вібромашин з такими приводами, оскільки електромагнітні приводи є найбільш дешеві, довговічні та економічні.

Title in English

MODERNIZATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF VIBRATING MACHINES USING AN ELECTROMAGNETIC VIBRATOR

English abstract

Light single-mass vibrating machines with an electromagnetic drive are widely used in the chemical and food industries and in many other industries: small vibrating conveyors, vibrating hoppers, dispensers, etc. In some cases, the scope of use of these devices is limited due to too high a frequency of oscillations and too little amplitude. This work substantiates a new principle of operation of vibrating machines with an electromagnetic drive (when using a one- stroke electromagnetic vibrator), which allows to increase the amplitude and reduce the frequency of oscillations of the working bodies of the vibrating machines without changing the standard frequency of the current in the electrical network. This provides an opportunity to expand the scope of use of vibration machines with such drives, since electromagnetic drives are the cheapest, durable and economical. Therefore, increasing the amplitude and decreasing the frequency of the oscillatory process of the working body of vibrating machines with an electromagnetic drive is an urgent scientific problem. With its solution, it is possible to spread the use of an electromagnetic drive for many technological processes of vibration transportation and sorting in many industries, which will contribute to the reduction of energy consumption and construction materials. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the new principle of operation of vibrating machines with an electromagnetic drive. This method allows, without changing the standard frequency of electric current in the network, to reduce the frequency of oscillations of the working body of the vibrating machine with an electromagnetic drive by 4 times and, almost accordingly, to increase the amplitude of oscillations of the working body. The proposed method of reducing the frequency of the oscillating process is carried out as follows. The generator of oscillations is a single-cycle electromagnetic vibrator with minor changes in design. A semi-periodic current directed through the diode with a standard frequency ν = 50 Hz is applied to the stator of the vibrator. The vibrator anchor is configured to carry out its own mechanical oscillations with a frequency half as low, namely 25 Hz. The support of the armature's own mechanical oscillations by the magnetic force is carried out in each period of the armature's oscillations in the position closest to the stator. And in the farthest positions of the armature from the stator, with increased armature amplitude, the action of the magnetic force is almost absent. Thus, a significant influence on the elastic oscillating system of the armature is exerted by force magnetic pulses, which alternate through one period of oscillations of the directed semi-periodic electric current at the moments when the armature passes the extreme position closest to the stator. Note that for a standard electromagnetic vibrator, armature oscillations are supported by the electromagnetic force from the stator throughout the oscillation period, and the frequency of mechanical oscillations of the armature is calculated for the standard current frequency. The anchor and the working body are separate elastic oscillating systems, each of which performs mechanical oscillations with its own frequency. The cause of oscillations for the working body is the periodic shock action of the anchor at the moments of the closest position of the anchor to the working body, when the anchor is in its closest position to the working body relative to its own static equilibrium position, and the working body is in its closest position to the anchor relative to the position of its own static equilibrium. The frequency of its own mechanical oscillations of the working body is set to 12.5 Hz due to the ratio of its oscillating mass and the stiffness coefficient of its springs.

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