Ткачук, О. А. та Будяковська, Д. П. (2024) СУЧАСНІ МЕТОДИ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ДОЩОВОГО СТОКУ ПРИ БЛАГОУСТРОЇ МІСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ. Вісник Національного університету водного господарства та природокористування (3(107)). с. 107-119.

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Анотація

Розглянуто сучасні методи регулювання дощового стоку при благоустрої міських територіях, що передбачають тимчасове затримання дощових вод у місцях їх випадіння. Запропоновано п’ять основних критеріїв оцінки їхньої ефективності. Показано, що екологічна ефективність притаманна кожному із розглянутих методів. Встановлено, що найбільш доцільним є поєднання методів затримання дощового стоку, яке повною мірою може бути реалізоване у процесі ландшафтного моделювання.

Title in English

MODERN METHODS OF REGULATING RAIN RUNOFF IN URBAN LANDSCAPING

English abstract

Based on the analysis of the main causes of inundation and flooding of urban areas, modern methods of rainwater regulation during the development of urban areas, which involve temporary retention of rainwater in the places where it falls, are considered. Organized collection and disposal of surface water outside urban areas (industrial rainwater drainage systems of open and closed types; bioaccumulating containers (ponds, swamps); reservoirs, rainwater tanks) is allocated to a separate group. The main attention is paid to the methods of temporary retention of rainwater in the places where it falls (lawns and flowerbeds with lowered surfaces; combined covering of areas (parking lots, sidewalks, etc.); aqua beds; green roofs; landscape modeling). Five main criteria are proposed for evaluating their technological, urban planning, environmental and economic efficiency. The main criteria include: the possibility of preliminary cleaning of rainwater runoff; regeneration conditions; the need for additional areas for buildings; raising the level of ground water in places where structures are installed; cost-effectiveness (the need for additional capital investments and (or) operational costs). The assessment of economic efficiency should also include specific indicators, such as "specific value of 1 mі of surface runoff" and "specific value of 1 ha of protected area of runoff." An additional criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of the specified methods is the regulatory ability of structures to retain the estimated volumes of precipitation or formed runoff (in percentages to full retention). It is shown that ecological efficiency is inherent for every considered methods. It was established that the most appropriate is the combination of rainwater retention methods, which can be fully implemented in the process of landscape modeling. The final determining factor is the economic capacity of the city to implement the considered methods.

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