Karolyi, H. та Akimova, L. та Akimov, O. та Акімова, Л. М. та Акімов, О. О. (2026) National Economic Challenges under International Conflicts, Digitalization, and Climate Shifts: A Triangular Resilience Balance Sheet Model. Economics, Finance and Management Review (2(26)). с. 21-35.

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Title in English

National Economic Challenges under International Conflicts, Digitalization, and Climate Shifts: A Triangular Resilience Balance Sheet Model

English abstract

National economies increasingly face complex and overlapping economic challenges caused by international conflicts, accelerated digitalization, and climate shifts. International conflicts disrupt trade, energy security, investment flows, fiscal priorities, migration processes, and financial stability. Digitalization creates opportunities for productivity growth, innovation, public-sector modernization, and economic competitiveness, but also deepens structural inequalities between digitally advanced and digitally excluded states. Climate shifts intensify economic vulnerability through extreme weather events, infrastructure damage, food and water insecurity, displacement, productivity losses, and rising adaptation costs. The objective of this article is to analyse the economic challenges faced by individual states under the simultaneous influence of international conflicts, digitalization, and climate change and to propose a model for assessing national economic stress and resilience. The study applies a conceptual and analytical methodology based on academic literature and verified statistical evidence from the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, International Telecommunication Union, World Meteorological Organization, INFORM Risk Index, ND-GAIN, and Germanwatch Climate Risk Index. The article develops the Triangular National Economic Resilience Balance-Sheet Model, which compares three structural liabilities of a state: conflict liability, digital transition gap, and climate exposure, with its resilience buffer. The results show that national economic vulnerability is determined not only by the strength of individual shocks but also by their combination. The model calculations demonstrate that Germany has a resilience surplus, Ukraine faces high vulnerability due to conflict liability, India experiences elevated pressure because of the interaction between digital gap and climate exposure, Egypt faces elevated combined pressure, and Brazil remains manageable but close to elevated pressure. The article concludes that national economic security increasingly depends on integrated resilience planning. States should not treat conflicts, digitalization, and climate change as separate policy fields.Future research should test the proposed model using full country-level datasets, expand the sample of countries, introduce sectoral indicators, and conduct sensitivity analysis of resilience buffer components.

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