Сталінська, І. В. та Абазін, О. та Stalinska, I. V. та Abazin, O. (2020) ЗНИЖЕННЯ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОГО РИЗИКУ ПРИ ПОВОДЖЕННІ З ПОБУТОВИМИ МЕДИЧНИМИ ВІДХОДАМИ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ М. ХАРКІВ). Вісник Національного університету водного господарства та природокористування (1(89)). с. 74-83.

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Анотація

В статті проаналізовано проблему зростаючої неконтрольованої присутності залишків лікарських засобів у навколишньому середовищі. Доведено вкрай негативний вплив на водні об’єкти незначної кількості лікарських засобів, що надходять в них зі стічними водами. Проведено дослідження водопровідної води на наявність залишків фармацевтичних речовин. Опрацьовано громадську думку щодо досліджуваного питання. Проаналізовано методи знешкодження медичних відходів.

Title in English

REDUCTION OF ECOLOGICAL THREAT DURING HANDLING OF HOUSEHOLD MEDICAL WASTE (ON EXAMPLE KHARKIV)

English abstract

The problem of the growing uncontrolled presence of drug residues in the environment was analyzed in the article. The person absorbs only 10-20% of medicines, and the rest goes to waste. In addition, medicines are developed with high biological activity, so they have high environmental sustainability. Medical and pharmaceutical waste is classified as hazardous waste and subject to regulation. «Hazardous» means waste that has such physical, chemical, biological or other hazardous properties that create or may pose a significant risk to the environment and human health. The system of medical waste management in Ukraine is absent and practically absent an ecologically safe and economically sound system of waste management of hospitals. The issue of collecting and disposing of expired or unused medicines has not been fully resolved. This problem is caused by the lack of awareness among the population about the management of medical waste, the complexity of monitoring these substances and the extremely limited financial resources. It should be noted that the pandemic of the coronavirus generate a huge amount of medical waste that need to be disposed of properly. Numerous studies have proved the extremely negative impact on water bodies of a small amount of medicines coming into them with wastewater. Drinking water supplied to Ukrainians contains a large number of different pharmaceuticals that have been identified as a result of research. Groups of drugs that are poorly soluble in water were studied: anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibiotics, hormones, cholesterol-lowering drugs. They are poorly biodegradable and, passing through treatment facilities without changes, enter the natural waters. According to scientific research, the most toxic and biodegradable pharmaceutical substances are: diclofenac, beta-estradiol, furosemide, antenolol, cefuroxime, which are found in sewage in hospitals and urban sewage. The tap water for the presence of residues of pharmaceutical substances was studied. Opinion polled on the issue was processed. Methods of disposal of medical waste were analyzed in the article. In our opinion, it will not be possible to solve the problem only with the help of technology, we need a significant reduction in the consumption of medicines and the development and implementation of environmentally friendly.

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