Корнієнко, В. Я. та Семенюк, В. В. та Korniienko, V. Ia. та Semeniuk, V. V. (2021) АНАЛІЗ ІСНУЮЧИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ВИДОБУТКУ БУРШТИНУ В РІВНЕНСЬКО-ВОЛИНСЬКОМУ РЕГІОНІ. Вісник Національного університету водного господарства та природокористування (2(94)). с. 209-216.

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Анотація

У статті представлені існуючі технології видобутку бурштину. Проведено аналіз механічного, гідравлічного, гідромеханічного та комбінованого способів видобутку бурштину на території України. Встановлені переваги та недоліки даних способів видобутку бурштину та вплив їх на навколишнє середовище. Узагальнено, що на сьогодні необхідно впроваджувати альтернативні способи видобутку бурштину з піщаних і техногенних родовищ з мінімальними негативними наслідками на навколишнє середовище.

Title in English

ANALYSIS OF EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES OF AMBER PRODUCTION IN THE RIVNE-VOLYN REGION

English abstract

In article presents the existing technologies of amber mining that are used in the development of amber deposits in the Rivne-Volyn region and the world. An analysis of mechanical, hydraulic, hydromechanical, and combined methods of amber mining in Ukraine. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods of amber mining and their impact on the environment are identified. The mechanical method includes the mechanical development of the soil in the open pit or underground and includes the opening of the productive layer of soil, excavation work, transportation of rock, screening, rock washing, land reclamation. This method of amber mining is carried out by a complex of machines and is now obsolete. The disadvantages of this method are high operating and economic costs, removal of rock to the surface, and the negative environmental impact on the environment. The hydraulic method is carried out by erosion of the productive layer of soil by high-pressure jets, and removal of amber on the surface of the field by hydraulic flows. The method is accompanied by the removal of mineral soil on the surface of the field, does not provide complete extraction of amber from deposits, is energy-intensive, leads to changes in soil structure, formation of cavities, and, accordingly, has a significant negative man-made impact on the environment. Hydro-mechanical extraction involves the excitation of a mineral into a mobile state by the action of a mechanical organ, after which it is fed to the surface by a hydraulic mixture through vertical mine workings. The combined method includes layer-by-layer development of amber massifs with the use of technological equipment for overburden, mining, and processing of rock mass at the development site. The use of a set of machines allows you to effectively remove the smallest fractions of amber. However, a large fleet of equipment forces to make significant economic costs in the initial stages of development, which affects the cost of production. It is generalized that today it is necessary to introduce alternative methods of amber extraction from sand and man-made deposits with minimal negative consequences for the environment.

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