Мельник, Л. В. та Кондрацька, Н. М. та Мельник, Л. М. (2024) ПРОБЛЕМИ ФІНАНСУВАННЯ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ В УМОВАХ СЬОГОДЕННЯ. Вісник Національного університету водного господарства та природокористування (4(108)). с. 177-189.

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Анотація

У статті досліджено теоретичні аспекти формування механізму фінансування вищої освіти. Виокремлено джерела фінансування вищої освіти. Проведено аналіз видатків зведеного бюджету України на освіту за період 2021–2023 років. Проаналізовано стан фінансування вищої освіти за рівнями і джерелами фінансування та у розрізі замовників. Визначено проблеми фінансування вищої освіти та запропоновано заходи щодо диверсифікації джерел та форм фінансування вищої освіти в умовах війни.

Title in English

PROBLEMS OF FINANCING HIGHER EDUCATION IN TODAY’S CONDITIONS

English abstract

One of the most important unsettled problems of the state in the field of education remains the problem of its financing. The purpose of the article is to study and analyze the organization of financing of higher educational institutions of Ukraine, as well as to substantiate proposals for its improvement in modern political and economic conditions. Financing of education includes the formation, distribution and use of financial resources in the educational sphere. The mechanism of financing of higher education is a set of forms, methods, tools and levers that are related to financial provision and financial regulation. The process of financing education depends on the approach to its implementation and the choice of possible alternatives, such as state and commercial financing, sponsorship contributions, combined financing, etc. In recent years there has been a decrease in state spending on education, which results in a reduction in citizens’ access to higher education at the expense of budget funds. In war conditions, the volume of state orders for the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Defense increases, while the state order for the Ministry of Education and Science decreases. The amount of allocated state resources for each university is determined depending on the following criteria: the contingent of applicants who study at the expense of the budget; the amount of income received from the provision of scientific and technical, consulting services or grants for scientific developments; place in international rankings or participation in European projects; percentage of graduates who are employed; regional coefficient. An increase in funding is possible through: using the co-financing method, public-private partnership; active submission of applications for grants from domestic and international organizations, participation in international programs; placing special fund funds in current bank accounts; encouraging benefactors to make voluntary contributions; creating a comprehensive system of incentives for Ukrainian school graduates in favor of studying in Ukraine; using part of the funds received from the education of foreign students to create state funds that will finance international exchanges and internships of Ukrainian students. The main direction for improving the situation in the sphere of functioning of higher education institutions should be the maximum involvement of scientists in state and regional programs. This will allow for the creation of a new higher education system in which universities will have academic and financial autonomy and will fully utilize it.

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