Shapoval, V. H. та Pavlychenko, A. V. та Shubinskyi, V. D. та Skobenko, O. V. та Barsukova, S. O. (2023) STRESSED – DEFORMED STATE OF DAM FOUNDATIONS MADE OF SOIL MATERIAL WITH A TRAPEZOIDAL TRANSVERSE PROFILE. UNIVERSITAS Publishing. с. 212-227.

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English abstract

The mining complex is a dangerous source of environmental destruction and environmental pollution. This is especially evident in the case of large-scale mining operations. Typical technogenic landscapes were formed in the course of open and underground mining of coal, uranium, alumina, iron ore and other mineral deposits in the territories of Donetsk, Lugansk and other regions of Ukraine, where mining and ore-dressing enterprises are located. The markers of such landscapes are the presence of heaps, dumps, industrial waste dumps, sludge pits and other sources of environmental pollution. It is no coincidence that extractive industries are often areas of ecological disaster. The specifics of the impact of the mining complex depends on the method of extraction (open or closed), the resource being mined, and the natural features of the territory where the extraction takes place. The following main directions of the impact of extractive industries on nature and humans are distinguished: - damage to land, the formation of anthropogenic landforms; - change in the water balance of the territory; - dusting of the atmosphere associated with blasting during open pit mining; - change in the entire landscape, the formation of so-called technogenic landscapes, characterized by the almost complete absence of soil cover, vegetation, and microorganisms. Under the conditions of Ukraine, the greatest harm to the environment is caused by the enterprises of the coal industry. The main factors of the coal industry that affect the state of the environment include: - withdrawal from circulation of lands, their pollution with waste from coal mining and enrichment; - depletion of water resources and changes in the hydrological regime of ground and surface waters; - pollution of underground and surface water bodies by industrial and domestic wastewater from enterprises and settlements; - pollution of the air basin with solid and gaseous harmful substances during the extraction, processing and combustion of solid fuels (numerous boiler houses, smoking rock dumps, etc.). One of the ways to solve the water problem of extractive regions is the construction of artificial reservoirs, the main element of which is dams. At the same time, dams made of soil materials are most widely used. The research materials presented in this paper are aimed at solving the problem of calculating and designing reservoir dams from soil materials.

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