Білошицька, Н. І. та Уваров, П. Є. та Білошицький, М. В. та Лобко, Д. І. (2023) ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ АРХІТЕКТУРНИХ РІШЕНЬ МАСОВОЇ ЖИТЛОВОЇ ЗАБУДОВИ УКРАЇНИ. Вісник Національного університету водного господарства та природокористування (2(102)). с. 182-200.

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Анотація

В статті досліджується поступовий розвиток та етапи перетворення житлової забудови міст України від початку минулого століття до сьогодні. Зроблено аналіз еволюції архітектурних рішень житлової забудови України. Кожний етап формування житлової забудови міст знаменувався визначеними перевагами та недоліками у формуванні житлової політики, які намагалися у наступних етапах знівелювати. Розглянуто особливості планувальної структури житлової забудови та визначено фактори, що вплинули на архітектуру масового житла різних періодів. Виходячи з цього, на сьогоднішній день житловий фонд України характеризується різноманітністю та великою кількістю типів проєктів.

Title in English

EVOLUTION OF ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTIONS OF MASS HOUSING CONSTRUCTION IN UKRAINE

English abstract

The article examines the gradual development and stages of transformation of residential buildings in Ukrainian cities from the beginning of the last century to the present day. An analysis of the evolution of architectural solutions of residential buildings in Ukraine was made. Each stage of the formation of residential development in cities was marked by certain advantages and disadvantages in the formation of housing policy, which were tried to be eliminated in the following stages. In the 20s of the last century, workers’ villages appeared, built with one- and two-story houses, in which even then attention was paid to their beautification and landscaping. Low-rise construction in those years was a forced phenomenon due to limited material and technical capabilities. From 1955 to the beginning of 1990, mass housing development was formed by several stages of development and improvement of standard design and construction methods and individual projects developed on the basis of standard ones. With each stage, adjustments were made regarding the further development of the series of typical residential buildings, the constructive system of typical sections, the number of floors of buildings, the layout of apartments, the norms of the total and living area were changed. Typical Khrushchevkas were built en masse starting in 1957. At this time, a unit of the urban structure – a microdistrict – appears. Residential buildings of the first mass series of construction in the 60s and 70s of the last century make up a significant part of the housing stock of Ukraine. Housing construction in the 1970s and early 1980s had its own specifics. Gradually, the requirements for the quality of design increased: the area of the residential area is increasing, planning solutions are becoming more diverse. From the mid-1990s to the end of the 2010s, there is a transition from large-panel and prefabricated frame construction to mixed systems, mainly monolithic. The peculiarities of the planning structure of residential buildings are considered and the factors that influenced the architecture of mass housing of different periods are determined. Based on this, today the housing stock of Ukraine is characterized by diversity and a large number of types of projects.

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